Glossary
300 terms from all lessons.
action point · Beginner · Closing the Meeting and Next Steps
A task agreed in a meeting.
“There are three action points.”
admission · Intermediate · Corresponding with Opposing Counsel
A statement accepting a fact against one's interest.
“Avoid admissions in correspondence.”
affidavit · Beginner · Essential Legal Documents
A written sworn statement used as evidence (closest CR equivalent: declaración jurada).
“The affidavit was signed under oath.”
agenda · Beginner · Opening the Consultation
A list of points to discuss.
“Let me explain today's agenda.”
alternative · Intermediate · Managing Expectations and Delivering Bad News
Another possible option.
“Mediation is a good alternative.”
ambiguity · Upper-Intermediate · Precision in Drafting
The quality of having more than one possible meaning.
“Ambiguity in the clause led to litigation.”
annotation · Intermediate · Due Diligence and Title Search
A note in the registry warning of a pending matter.
“There is an annotation of a lawsuit.”
anti-money laundering (AML) · Intermediate · Engagement Letters and Professional Ethics
Rules to prevent the use of illegal money.
“AML rules require identity checks.”
apostille · Beginner · Requesting Documents from Clients
An international certification that authenticates a public document under the Hague Convention.
“The birth certificate must be apostilled.”
appointment · Beginner · Small Talk and Professional Courtesy
A scheduled meeting.
“Let's set an appointment for next week.”
arbitration · Intermediate · Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
A private process where an arbitrator issues a binding award.
“Disputes shall be resolved by arbitration.”
articles of incorporation · Upper-Intermediate · Company Types in Costa Rica
The founding document of a company (pacto constitutivo).
“The articles of incorporation were signed before a notary.”
assignment · Upper-Intermediate · Boilerplate Clauses that Matter
Transfer of contractual rights to another party.
“Assignment requires prior written consent.”
at your earliest convenience · Beginner · Structure of a Professional Email
As soon as possible (polite).
“Please reply at your earliest convenience.”
attachment · Beginner · Structure of a Professional Email
A file sent with an email.
“Please find the draft attached.”
attorney · Beginner · Greetings and Professional Titles
A person licensed to represent clients and give legal advice.
“I am an attorney specialising in family law.”
attorney-in-fact · Upper-Intermediate · Remote Signings and Powers of Attorney Abroad
The person authorised to act under a power of attorney (apoderado).
“His sister is the attorney-in-fact.”
authentication · Intermediate · The Latin Notary vs. the Notary Public
Certifying that a signature or document is genuine.
“Signature authentication is a common act.”
availability · Beginner · Scheduling and Rescheduling Appointments
The times when someone is free.
“Please send me your availability.”
award · Intermediate · Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
The decision of an arbitral tribunal.
“The award is final and binding.”
background · Beginner · Opening the Consultation
The previous facts that explain a situation.
“Tell me the background of the dispute.”
bar association · Beginner · Talking About Your Education and Licensing
The professional body that admits and regulates lawyers.
“She joined the bar association in 2015.”
bare ownership · Intermediate · Explaining Legal Concepts in Plain English
Ownership without the right to use (nuda propiedad).
“The children hold bare ownership.”
BATNA · Upper-Intermediate · Preparing a Negotiation
Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement.
“Our BATNA is arbitration.”
beneficial owner · Upper-Intermediate · Compliance and Beneficial Ownership
The natural person who ultimately owns or controls a company.
“The beneficial owner must be declared.”
beneficiary · Upper-Intermediate · Trusts and Guarantees in Real Estate
The person who benefits from the trust (fideicomisario).
“The lender is the first-place beneficiary.”
boilerplate · Intermediate · Elements and Structure of a Contract
Standard clauses common to many contracts (notices, governing law, etc.).
“Don't ignore the boilerplate.”
breach · Beginner · Rights, Duties and Obligations
Failure to fulfil an obligation.
“Late payment is a breach of contract.”
business card · Beginner · Small Talk and Professional Courtesy
A small card with professional contact details.
“Here is my business card.”
Business Day · Upper-Intermediate · Precision in Drafting
A day on which banks are open, typically excluding weekends and holidays.
“Payment is due within five Business Days.”
bylaws · Upper-Intermediate · Condominiums and HOA Rules
Rules governing the condominium (reglamento).
“The bylaws prohibit short-term rentals.”
cap · Intermediate · Liability, Warranties and Indemnities
A maximum limit.
“Liability is capped at the fees paid.”
capacity · Intermediate · Elements and Structure of a Contract
The legal ability to enter into a contract.
“Minors lack full capacity.”
case number · Beginner · Answering the Phone at a Law Firm
The reference number of a legal matter.
“Do you have your case number?”
certificate · Beginner · Essential Legal Documents
An official document confirming a fact.
“We need a certificate of good standing.”
certified copy · Beginner · Requesting Documents from Clients
A copy officially confirmed as true to the original.
“Send a certified copy of the certificate.”
certified copy (testimonio) · Intermediate · The Latin Notary vs. the Notary Public
An official copy of a deed issued by the notary.
“The Registry requires the testimonio.”
clean version · Upper-Intermediate · Marking Up and Commenting on Drafts
A version with all changes accepted.
“Send both the mark-up and a clean version.”
closed question · Beginner · Asking the Right Questions
A question answered with yes/no or a specific fact.
“Use closed questions to confirm facts.”
closing · Intermediate · The Property Buying Process in Costa Rica
The final step where the transfer is signed and paid.
“Closing is scheduled for June.”
closing costs · Intermediate · Closing, Taxes and Registration
Taxes and fees paid at closing.
“Closing costs are usually paid by the buyer.”
closing report · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 4: Closing and Post-Closing Report
Final summary to the client after closing.
“We will send the closing report next week.”
closing statement · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 4: Closing and Post-Closing Report
A document listing all payments at closing.
“Please review the closing statement.”
coastal zoning plan · Upper-Intermediate · Maritime Zone Concessions
Municipal plan regulating land use on the coast (plan regulador costero).
“A concession requires an approved coastal zoning plan.”
common areas · Upper-Intermediate · Condominiums and HOA Rules
Areas shared by all owners.
“The pool is a common area.”
community property · Intermediate · Explaining Legal Concepts in Plain English
Assets acquired during marriage subject to division (bienes gananciales).
“The house is community property.”
compliance · Upper-Intermediate · Compliance and Beneficial Ownership
Acting in accordance with laws and regulations.
“Corporate compliance avoids fines.”
concession · Upper-Intermediate · Maritime Zone Concessions
A government grant of the right to use public land for a period.
“The hotel holds a 20-year concession.”
concession · Upper-Intermediate · Preparing a Negotiation
Something given up in negotiation (different from a land concession).
“We made a concession on timing.”
condition precedent · Intermediate · Option and Purchase Agreements
An event that must occur before an obligation becomes effective.
“Financing approval is a condition precedent.”
condition to closing · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 2: Due Diligence Findings Call
Requirement that must be met before closing.
“Payment of taxes is a condition to closing.”
confidential · Beginner · Short Messages and Instant Communication
Private; not to be shared.
“This information is confidential.”
confidentiality · Beginner · Opening the Consultation
The duty to keep client information private.
“Attorney-client confidentiality protects you.”
conflict of interest · Intermediate · Engagement Letters and Professional Ethics
A situation where duties to different clients clash.
“We cannot act due to a conflict of interest.”
consent · Intermediate · Elements and Structure of a Contract
Free agreement of the parties.
“Consent obtained by fraud is defective.”
consequential loss · Intermediate · Liability, Warranties and Indemnities
Indirect loss, such as lost profits.
“Consequential loss is excluded.”
consul · Upper-Intermediate · Remote Signings and Powers of Attorney Abroad
A diplomatic official who may perform notarial functions abroad.
“The consul executed the power of attorney.”
consultation · Beginner · Opening the Consultation
A meeting to receive professional advice.
“The first consultation lasts one hour.”
corporation (S.A.) · Upper-Intermediate · Company Types in Costa Rica
Company whose capital is divided into shares.
“They incorporated an S.A. in 2020.”
counsel · Beginner · Greetings and Professional Titles
A lawyer or team of lawyers advising a client; also legal advice itself.
“Please speak with your counsel before signing.”
counterargument · Upper-Intermediate · Interpreting Contracts in Disputes
An argument against another argument.
“Let's anticipate their counterargument.”
counterproposal · Upper-Intermediate · Language of Negotiation
An alternative offer in response.
“They made a counterproposal.”
courtesy · Beginner · Small Talk and Professional Courtesy
Polite and respectful behaviour.
“As a courtesy, we offer a free first call.”
cure period · Intermediate · Key Clauses: Price, Term and Termination
Time allowed to remedy a breach.
“The provider has a 15-day cure period.”
deadline · Beginner · Scheduling and Rescheduling Appointments
The latest time by which something must be done.
“The deadline to file is 30 June.”
deal-breaker · Upper-Intermediate · Language of Negotiation
An issue that would end the negotiation.
“Exclusivity is a deal-breaker for us.”
defendant · Beginner · People in the Legal System
The person against whom a case is brought.
“The defendant denied the allegations.”
defined term · Upper-Intermediate · Precision in Drafting
A word given a specific meaning in the contract.
“'Business Day' is a defined term.”
demand letter · Beginner · Closing the Meeting and Next Steps
A formal letter requesting payment or action.
“We will send a demand letter.”
deposit · Beginner · Asking the Right Questions
Money paid in advance as guarantee.
“Did you pay a deposit?”
distribution agreement · Upper-Intermediate · Foreign Investment and Commercial Agreements
Contract where a distributor buys and resells products.
“We signed an exclusive distribution agreement.”
dormant company · Upper-Intermediate · Compliance and Beneficial Ownership
A company with no commercial activity.
“Even a dormant company must file declarations.”
draft · Beginner · Internal Requests and Instructions
A preliminary version of a document.
“Could you review the draft?”
due diligence · Intermediate · The Property Buying Process in Costa Rica
Investigation of a property's legal and physical condition before purchase.
“Due diligence revealed a lien.”
easement · Intermediate · Due Diligence and Title Search
A right to use another's land for a specific purpose.
“Neighbours have a right-of-way easement.”
empathy · Intermediate · Active Listening and Empathy
Understanding others' feelings.
“Show empathy in difficult cases.”
encumbrance · Intermediate · Due Diligence and Title Search
Any right or restriction affecting property.
“The title is free of encumbrances.”
engagement letter · Beginner · Closing the Meeting and Next Steps
A document setting the terms of the lawyer-client relationship.
“I'll send you an engagement letter.”
entire agreement · Upper-Intermediate · Boilerplate Clauses that Matter
Clause stating the contract replaces all prior agreements.
“The entire agreement clause excludes earlier emails.”
escrow · Intermediate · The Property Buying Process in Costa Rica
A neutral account holding funds until conditions are met.
“The deposit is held in escrow.”
estimate · Beginner · Explaining Options and Fees
An approximate calculation of cost.
“Here is an estimate of the total costs.”
exclusivity · Upper-Intermediate · Foreign Investment and Commercial Agreements
The right to be the only one in a territory or market.
“Exclusivity is limited to Central America.”
expectation · Intermediate · Active Listening and Empathy
What someone believes will happen.
“Let's manage expectations.”
failing which · Beginner · Reading Legal Notices
If this does not happen.
“Pay within 10 days, failing which we will sue.”
fee · Beginner · Explaining Options and Fees
Money paid for professional services.
“Our fee for this service is fixed.”
final offer · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 3: Negotiating with Seller's Counsel
The last proposal before walking away.
“This is our final offer.”
fine · Upper-Intermediate · Compliance and Beneficial Ownership
A monetary penalty.
“Late filing results in a fine.”
for discussion · Upper-Intermediate · Marking Up and Commenting on Drafts
Indicates an issue to be negotiated.
“Liability cap: for discussion.”
force majeure · Upper-Intermediate · Boilerplate Clauses that Matter
Unforeseeable events beyond control that excuse performance.
“The hurricane was a force majeure event.”
foreclosure · Upper-Intermediate · Trusts and Guarantees in Real Estate
Enforcement of security after default.
“The trust allows faster enforcement than foreclosure.”
Free Trade Zone · Upper-Intermediate · Foreign Investment and Commercial Agreements
A special regime granting tax and customs incentives.
“The company operates under the Free Trade Zone regime.”
general power of attorney · Intermediate · Common Notarial Acts
Broad authority to manage affairs (poder generalísimo/general).
“A general power of attorney must be registered.”
good faith · Upper-Intermediate · Interpreting Contracts in Disputes
Honest and fair conduct required in contracts.
“Both parties must act in good faith.”
good standing · Upper-Intermediate · Compliance and Beneficial Ownership
Status of a company that is up to date with obligations.
“We need a certificate of good standing.”
governing law · Intermediate · Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
The law chosen to interpret the contract.
“This agreement is governed by Costa Rican law.”
grantor · Intermediate · Reading the Deed to the Parties
The person who executes a deed or grants a right.
“The grantor signed the power of attorney.”
guarantee trust · Upper-Intermediate · Trusts and Guarantees in Real Estate
A trust securing payment of an obligation.
“The loan is secured by a guarantee trust.”
Hague Convention · Intermediate · Documents from Abroad: Apostille and Translation
The 1961 treaty that created the apostille.
“Both countries are parties to the Hague Convention.”
handover · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 4: Closing and Post-Closing Report
Transfer of control and documents.
“The handover of legal books took place at closing.”
heads of terms · Upper-Intermediate · Language of Negotiation
A non-binding document summarising agreed terms.
“Let's sign heads of terms.”
hearing · Beginner · Courts and Legal Procedures
A court session where parties present arguments or evidence.
“The hearing is scheduled for June.”
heir · Intermediate · Explaining Legal Concepts in Plain English
A person who inherits.
“She is the only heir.”
hidden liabilities · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 1: Intake of an International Buyer
Undisclosed debts or obligations.
“A company purchase may include hidden liabilities.”
high-tide line · Upper-Intermediate · Maritime Zone Concessions
The line reached by the highest ordinary tide.
“Measurements start at the high-tide line.”
HOA fees · Upper-Intermediate · Condominiums and HOA Rules
Periodic payments for maintenance (cuotas de mantenimiento).
“HOA fees are US$350 a month.”
hourly rate · Beginner · Explaining Options and Fees
The price charged per hour of work.
“My hourly rate is US$150.”
impartiality · Intermediate · The Latin Notary vs. the Notary Public
Treating all parties equally.
“The notary must act with impartiality.”
in our view · Intermediate · Writing an Advice Email
Phrase introducing a professional opinion.
“In our view, the clause is enforceable.”
in witness whereof · Intermediate · Reading the Deed to the Parties
Traditional phrase before signatures.
“In witness whereof, the parties sign.”
in writing · Beginner · Asking the Right Questions
Written and usually signed.
“Is the agreement in writing?”
in-house counsel · Beginner · Describing Your Legal Practice
A lawyer employed directly by a company.
“He works as in-house counsel for a bank.”
intake form · Beginner · Describing Office Procedures
A form with a new client's basic information.
“Please complete the intake form.”
intake summary · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 1: Intake of an International Buyer
Written record of the first meeting.
“Send the intake summary within 24 hours.”
interest · Upper-Intermediate · Preparing a Negotiation
The underlying need behind a position.
“Their real interest is cash flow.”
interpreter · Intermediate · Reading the Deed to the Parties
A person who orally translates between languages.
“An interpreter was present at the signing.”
issuing authority · Intermediate · Documents from Abroad: Apostille and Translation
The public body that issued a document.
“The issuing authority must sign the certificate.”
item · Upper-Intermediate · Leading Meetings and Calls
A point on the agenda.
“Let's move to item two.”
joint ownership · Intermediate · Explaining Legal Concepts in Plain English
Ownership shared by two or more people (copropiedad).
“They hold the land in joint ownership.”
judge · Beginner · People in the Legal System
The official who hears and decides cases in court.
“The judge dismissed the claim.”
jurisdiction · Intermediate · Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
The authority of a court to hear a case.
“The courts of San José shall have jurisdiction.”
just to confirm · Beginner · Short Messages and Instant Communication
Phrase used to check information.
“Just to confirm, the signing is at 10?”
key takeaway · Upper-Intermediate · Presenting Legal Information
The most important message.
“The key takeaway is to register early.”
law degree · Beginner · Talking About Your Education and Licensing
The university qualification in law (Licenciatura en Derecho).
“I earned my law degree from the University of Costa Rica.”
law firm · Beginner · Greetings and Professional Titles
A business formed by lawyers to provide legal services.
“She works at a law firm in San José.”
legal basis · Intermediate · Formal Letters and Notices
The rule or clause supporting a claim.
“The legal basis is Clause 5.”
legal books · Upper-Intermediate · Corporate Governance and Meetings
Mandatory corporate registers (libros legales).
“The company's legal books are digital.”
legal representative · Upper-Intermediate · Company Types in Costa Rica
The person authorised to act on behalf of the company.
“The president is the legal representative.”
legalese · Intermediate · Formal Register and Tone
Overly complex legal language.
“Avoid legalese in client emails.”
legalisation · Intermediate · Documents from Abroad: Apostille and Translation
Consular certification of a document's origin (for non-Hague countries).
“Legalisation takes longer than an apostille.”
letterhead · Intermediate · Formal Letters and Notices
The printed heading with the firm's details.
“Use the firm's letterhead.”
liable · Beginner · Rights, Duties and Obligations
Legally responsible.
“The landlord is liable for structural repairs.”
lien · Intermediate · Due Diligence and Title Search
A legal claim on property securing a debt.
“There is a lien in favour of the bank.”
limited liability company (S.R.L.) · Upper-Intermediate · Company Types in Costa Rica
Company whose capital is divided into quotas.
“An S.R.L. is managed by managers.”
litigation · Beginner · Describing Your Legal Practice
The process of taking a dispute to court.
“Our firm does not handle litigation.”
long-stop date · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 3: Negotiating with Seller's Counsel
The final date by which conditions must be met.
“The long-stop date is 30 June.”
maritime zone · Intermediate · Due Diligence and Title Search
The coastal strip regulated by special law (ZMT).
“Maritime zone land is held under concession.”
mark-up · Upper-Intermediate · Marking Up and Commenting on Drafts
A version of a draft showing proposed changes.
“Please find our mark-up attached.”
material breach · Intermediate · Key Clauses: Price, Term and Termination
A serious breach that defeats the purpose of the contract.
“Failure to deliver is a material breach.”
mediation · Intermediate · Governing Law and Dispute Resolution
A voluntary process where a neutral helps parties reach agreement.
“The parties will first attempt mediation.”
minimum purchase · Upper-Intermediate · Foreign Investment and Commercial Agreements
The minimum quantity a distributor must buy.
“The minimum purchase is 5,000 units a year.”
minutes · Upper-Intermediate · Corporate Governance and Meetings
The official record of a meeting.
“The minutes must be entered in the legal books.”
municipal declaration · Intermediate · Closing, Taxes and Registration
The owner's declaration of property value to the municipality.
“Update the municipal declaration after buying.”
National Registry · Intermediate · The Property Buying Process in Costa Rica
The public registry of property and companies (Registro Nacional).
“The deed was filed with the National Registry.”
notarial protocol · Intermediate · The Latin Notary vs. the Notary Public
The official bound book where a notary records deeds (protocolo).
“The original deed stays in the notarial protocol.”
notary public · Beginner · Greetings and Professional Titles
In Costa Rica, a lawyer authorised to give public faith (fe pública) to acts and documents.
“He is an attorney and notary public.”
note to draft (NTD) · Upper-Intermediate · Marking Up and Commenting on Drafts
An internal comment flagging a pending issue.
“NTD: insert bank details.”
notice · Beginner · Reading Legal Notices
A formal communication of information or warning.
“The tenant received a notice.”
notwithstanding · Upper-Intermediate · Precision in Drafting
Despite; regardless of.
“Notwithstanding Clause 4, the Buyer may withdraw.”
obligation · Beginner · Rights, Duties and Obligations
Something a person is legally required to do.
“Payment is the buyer's main obligation.”
official translation · Intermediate · Documents from Abroad: Apostille and Translation
A translation by an authorised sworn translator.
“The certificate needs an official translation.”
on my way · Beginner · Short Messages and Instant Communication
Travelling towards a place now.
“On my way to the Registry.”
open question · Beginner · Asking the Right Questions
A question that requires an explanation.
“Start with open questions.”
operative clauses · Intermediate · Elements and Structure of a Contract
The clauses that create rights and obligations.
“The price is set out in the operative clauses.”
option period · Intermediate · Option and Purchase Agreements
The time during which the buyer may exercise the option.
“The option period is 60 days.”
origin of funds · Intermediate · Engagement Letters and Professional Ethics
Proof of where money comes from.
“Please provide proof of origin of funds.”
our client's position · Intermediate · Corresponding with Opposing Counsel
The stance of the party you represent.
“Our client's position is clear.”
outline · Upper-Intermediate · Presenting Legal Information
A summary of the structure.
“Let me give you a brief outline.”
outstanding · Intermediate · Formal Letters and Notices
Still unpaid or unresolved.
“The outstanding balance is US$3,200.”
overdue · Beginner · Reading Legal Notices
Not paid or done by the required time.
“Your rent is overdue.”
paralegal · Beginner · Greetings and Professional Titles
A trained assistant who supports lawyers with legal tasks but cannot give legal advice.
“Our paralegal will prepare the documents.”
pending · Beginner · Requesting Documents from Clients
Not yet received or completed.
“Two documents are still pending.”
pending claim · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 2: Due Diligence Findings Call
A lawsuit not yet decided.
“There is a pending labour claim.”
plain English · Intermediate · Formal Register and Tone
Clear, direct language avoiding unnecessary jargon.
“Plain English improves understanding.”
plain meaning · Upper-Intermediate · Interpreting Contracts in Disputes
The ordinary meaning of words.
“The plain meaning of 'delivery' is clear.”
plaintiff · Beginner · People in the Legal System
The person who brings a civil lawsuit.
“The plaintiff claims damages.”
position · Upper-Intermediate · Preparing a Negotiation
What a party demands.
“Their position is a 10% discount.”
post-closing obligations · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 4: Closing and Post-Closing Report
Duties remaining after closing.
“Post-closing obligations include RTBF update.”
postgraduate · Beginner · Talking About Your Education and Licensing
Studies after a first university degree.
“I have a postgraduate degree in notarial law.”
power of attorney · Beginner · Essential Legal Documents
A document authorising someone to act on another's behalf.
“She signed a power of attorney for her brother.”
practice area · Beginner · Describing Your Legal Practice
A specific field of law in which a lawyer works.
“Our main practice area is real estate.”
procedure · Beginner · Describing Office Procedures
An established way of doing something.
“This is our procedure for new clients.”
proof of address · Beginner · Requesting Documents from Clients
A document showing where a person lives.
“A utility bill is valid proof of address.”
prosecutor · Beginner · People in the Legal System
The lawyer who represents the State in criminal cases.
“The prosecutor presented the evidence.”
provided that · Upper-Intermediate · Precision in Drafting
Introduces a condition or exception (proviso).
“The Tenant may sublet, provided that the Landlord consents.”
public deed · Beginner · Essential Legal Documents
A document executed before a notary with full legal formalities (escritura pública).
“The sale was formalised in a public deed.”
public faith · Intermediate · The Latin Notary vs. the Notary Public
The legal presumption that a notary's statements in a deed are true (fe pública).
“The deed is covered by public faith.”
public zone · Upper-Intermediate · Maritime Zone Concessions
The first 50 m from high tide; it cannot be owned.
“No one can build in the public zone.”
pursuant to · Beginner · Reading Legal Notices
In accordance with.
“Pursuant to Clause 9, the lease ends.”
Q&A · Upper-Intermediate · Presenting Legal Information
Question-and-answer session.
“We'll have a Q&A at the end.”
quick update · Beginner · Short Messages and Instant Communication
A brief report of new information.
“Quick update: the deed was registered.”
quorum · Upper-Intermediate · Corporate Governance and Meetings
The minimum attendance required for valid decisions.
“Quorum was reached with 80% of shares.”
quota register · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 4: Closing and Post-Closing Report
The book recording quota holders of an S.R.L.
“The quota register was updated.”
read as a whole · Upper-Intermediate · Interpreting Contracts in Disputes
Interpreted considering the entire document.
“Read as a whole, the contract favours our client.”
realistically · Intermediate · Managing Expectations and Delivering Bad News
In a practical way, considering the facts.
“Realistically, this may take two years.”
recap · Upper-Intermediate · Leading Meetings and Calls
A brief summary.
“Let me recap the main points.”
recitals · Intermediate · Elements and Structure of a Contract
Introductory statements explaining the background of a contract.
“The recitals describe the purpose of the deal.”
record · Beginner · Describing Office Procedures
An official written account kept for reference.
“We keep a record of every signing.”
red flag · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 1: Intake of an International Buyer
A warning sign of a risk.
“A recent change of manager is a red flag.”
reference · Intermediate · Formal Letters and Notices
A code identifying the matter.
“Our reference: VM-2025-114.”
refundable · Intermediate · Option and Purchase Agreements
Able to be returned.
“The deposit is refundable if due diligence fails.”
regarding · Beginner · Structure of a Professional Email
About; concerning.
“I am writing regarding your property.”
register · Intermediate · Formal Register and Tone
The level of formality of language.
“Use a formal register with opposing counsel.”
registered · Beginner · Short Messages and Instant Communication
Officially recorded in a public register.
“The property is now registered in your name.”
registry stamps · Intermediate · Closing, Taxes and Registration
Fees paid to register a document.
“Registry stamps were paid online.”
representations · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 1: Intake of an International Buyer
Statements of fact made by the seller in the contract.
“The seller's representations cover taxes.”
resolution · Upper-Intermediate · Corporate Governance and Meetings
A formal decision of a meeting.
“The resolution was adopted unanimously.”
restricted zone · Upper-Intermediate · Maritime Zone Concessions
The 150 m strip after the public zone, granted by concession.
“The lot is in the restricted zone.”
retainer · Intermediate · Engagement Letters and Professional Ethics
An advance payment for legal services.
“A retainer of US$1,000 is required.”
retention · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 2: Due Diligence Findings Call
Part of the price held back to cover risks.
“We propose a retention of US$20,000.”
revocation · Upper-Intermediate · Remote Signings and Powers of Attorney Abroad
Cancellation of a power of attorney.
“The revocation was registered.”
right · Beginner · Rights, Duties and Obligations
Something a person is legally entitled to.
“The tenant has the right to privacy.”
risk · Intermediate · Managing Expectations and Delivering Bad News
The possibility of a negative result.
“There is a risk of losing the deposit.”
ruling · Beginner · Courts and Legal Procedures
A decision made by a court.
“The ruling favours our client.”
scope of powers · Upper-Intermediate · Remote Signings and Powers of Attorney Abroad
The acts the attorney-in-fact may perform.
“The scope of powers includes receiving funds.”
scope of work · Intermediate · Engagement Letters and Professional Ethics
The services included in the engagement.
“Litigation is outside the scope of work.”
settlement proposal · Intermediate · Corresponding with Opposing Counsel
An offer to resolve a dispute.
“Please find our settlement proposal below.”
severability · Upper-Intermediate · Boilerplate Clauses that Matter
Clause keeping the rest valid if one part is void.
“Under the severability clause, the contract survives.”
share capital · Upper-Intermediate · Company Types in Costa Rica
The capital contributed by shareholders.
“The share capital is ten thousand colones.”
share transfer · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 1: Intake of an International Buyer
Buying the company that owns the asset instead of the asset.
“The deal is structured as a quota transfer.”
shareholders' meeting · Upper-Intermediate · Corporate Governance and Meetings
Meeting of company owners (asamblea de accionistas).
“The shareholders' meeting approved the accounts.”
short answer · Intermediate · Writing an Advice Email
A brief direct response at the start of advice.
“Short answer: yes, you can terminate.”
signposting · Upper-Intermediate · Presenting Legal Information
Words that guide the audience through a talk.
“Use signposting to keep clarity.”
special assessment · Upper-Intermediate · Condominiums and HOA Rules
An extraordinary fee for major works.
“A special assessment was approved for the roof.”
special power of attorney · Intermediate · Common Notarial Acts
Authority for a specific act only (poder especial).
“A special power is enough to sign this sale.”
specific indemnity · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 2: Due Diligence Findings Call
An indemnity for an identified risk.
“A specific indemnity covers the labour claim.”
subject line · Beginner · Structure of a Professional Email
The short title of an email.
“Use a clear subject line.”
subject to · Intermediate · Writing an Advice Email
Depending on; conditional upon.
“Subject to the documents, we can proceed.”
survival period · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 3: Negotiating with Seller's Counsel
Time during which claims under warranties can be made.
“Representations survive for 18 months.”
sworn statement · Intermediate · Common Notarial Acts
A declaration made under oath before a notary.
“He signed a sworn statement about his income.”
term · Intermediate · Key Clauses: Price, Term and Termination
The duration of a contract (also: a word or condition).
“The term of this agreement is two years.”
termination for cause · Intermediate · Key Clauses: Price, Term and Termination
Ending a contract because of the other party's breach.
“They terminated for cause after non-payment.”
termination for convenience · Intermediate · Key Clauses: Price, Term and Termination
Ending a contract without needing a reason.
“Either party may terminate for convenience with 30 days' notice.”
territory · Upper-Intermediate · Foreign Investment and Commercial Agreements
The geographic area covered by a contract.
“The territory is Costa Rica and Panama.”
timeline · Intermediate · Managing Expectations and Delivering Bad News
The expected schedule of events.
“Let me explain the timeline.”
title · Intermediate · The Property Buying Process in Costa Rica
Legal ownership of property, or the document that proves it.
“The seller has clear title.”
to acknowledge receipt · Intermediate · Formal Register and Tone
To confirm that something was received.
“We acknowledge receipt of your letter.”
to advise · Beginner · Describing Your Legal Practice
To give professional recommendations to a client.
“I advise foreign investors.”
to appeal · Beginner · Courts and Legal Procedures
To ask a higher court to review a decision.
“The defendant decided to appeal.”
to authenticate a signature · Intermediate · Common Notarial Acts
To certify that a signature was made by a specific person.
“The notary authenticated her signature.”
to be admitted · Beginner · Talking About Your Education and Licensing
To be officially accepted to practise law.
“He was admitted to practise in 2019.”
to be in touch · Beginner · Small Talk and Professional Courtesy
To contact someone again later.
“I'll be in touch by Friday.”
to be licensed · Beginner · Talking About Your Education and Licensing
To have official permission to perform a professional activity.
“Notaries must be licensed by the national notary authority.”
to break up · Upper-Intermediate · Leading Meetings and Calls
To have poor audio on a call.
“Sorry, you're breaking up.”
to bridge the gap · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 3: Negotiating with Seller's Counsel
To reduce the difference between positions.
“Let's try to bridge the gap.”
to brief · Beginner · Opening the Consultation
To give someone essential information.
“Please brief me on the situation.”
to call back · Beginner · Answering the Phone at a Law Firm
To return a phone call.
“He will call you back this afternoon.”
to chair · Upper-Intermediate · Leading Meetings and Calls
To lead a meeting.
“The partner will chair the call.”
to clarify · Beginner · Asking the Right Questions
To make something clear.
“Let me clarify the dates.”
to comply with · Beginner · Rights, Duties and Obligations
To act according to a rule or law.
“The company must comply with the law.”
to concede · Upper-Intermediate · Language of Negotiation
To accept or give up something.
“We are prepared to concede on timing.”
to confirm · Beginner · Scheduling and Rescheduling Appointments
To state that something is definite.
“I'm writing to confirm our meeting.”
to consent · Intermediate · Reading the Deed to the Parties
To agree formally.
“Both parties consent to the terms.”
to construe · Upper-Intermediate · Interpreting Contracts in Disputes
To interpret.
“The court construed the clause narrowly.”
to draft · Beginner · Describing Your Legal Practice
To write the first or formal version of a legal document.
“She drafts lease agreements every week.”
to enclose · Beginner · Structure of a Professional Email
To include a document with a letter.
“I enclose a copy of the deed.”
to exercise an option · Intermediate · Option and Purchase Agreements
To decide to buy under the option.
“The buyer exercised the option on day 45.”
to file · Beginner · Internal Requests and Instructions
To submit a document officially, or to store it in a record.
“Please file the motion today.”
to file a claim · Beginner · Courts and Legal Procedures
To formally start a legal action.
“We filed the claim in March.”
to follow up · Beginner · Small Talk and Professional Courtesy
To contact again to continue a matter.
“I will follow up with an email.”
to forfeit · Intermediate · Option and Purchase Agreements
To lose a right or money as a consequence.
“The buyer forfeits the deposit if he withdraws.”
to forward · Beginner · Internal Requests and Instructions
To send a received message to another person.
“Please forward me the client's email.”
to get back to someone · Upper-Intermediate · Presenting Legal Information
To reply later with information.
“I'll get back to you on that.”
to grant powers · Upper-Intermediate · Remote Signings and Powers of Attorney Abroad
To give authority through a power of attorney.
“She granted powers to sell the property.”
to hold · Beginner · Answering the Phone at a Law Firm
To wait on the phone.
“Could you hold, please?”
to indemnify · Intermediate · Liability, Warranties and Indemnities
To compensate someone for loss or damage.
“The provider shall indemnify the client for third-party claims.”
to initiate proceedings · Intermediate · Formal Letters and Notices
To start legal action.
“We will initiate proceedings without further notice.”
to meet halfway · Upper-Intermediate · Language of Negotiation
To compromise equally.
“Shall we meet halfway?”
to paraphrase · Intermediate · Active Listening and Empathy
To repeat an idea in different words.
“Let me paraphrase to check I understand.”
to park an issue · Upper-Intermediate · Leading Meetings and Calls
To postpone discussion of a topic.
“Let's park the tax issue.”
to prioritise · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 2: Due Diligence Findings Call
To arrange by importance.
“Let me prioritise the findings.”
to proofread · Beginner · Internal Requests and Instructions
To read a text to correct mistakes.
“Would you mind proofreading this letter?”
to read aloud · Intermediate · Reading the Deed to the Parties
To read a text so others can hear.
“The notary read the deed aloud.”
to reassure · Intermediate · Active Listening and Empathy
To make someone feel less worried.
“I want to reassure you that we have options.”
to recommend · Intermediate · Writing an Advice Email
To advise a course of action.
“We recommend sending a formal notice.”
to reject · Intermediate · Corresponding with Opposing Counsel
To refuse to accept.
“Our client rejects the allegations.”
to release funds · Intermediate · Closing, Taxes and Registration
To transfer money held in escrow to the recipient.
“Funds were released to the seller.”
to reschedule · Beginner · Scheduling and Rescheduling Appointments
To change the time of a planned event.
“We need to reschedule the hearing.”
to reserve rights · Intermediate · Corresponding with Opposing Counsel
To state that rights are not waived.
“We reserve all our client's rights.”
to retain · Beginner · Closing the Meeting and Next Steps
To hire a lawyer formally.
“The client retained our firm.”
to schedule · Beginner · Scheduling and Rescheduling Appointments
To arrange a time for an event.
“Let's schedule the signing.”
to settle · Beginner · Courts and Legal Procedures
To resolve a dispute by agreement without a court decision.
“The parties settled before trial.”
to stamp · Beginner · Describing Office Procedures
To mark a document with an official seal.
“The notary stamps each page.”
to submit · Beginner · Requesting Documents from Clients
To give a document for consideration.
“Please submit the forms by Monday.”
to sum up · Beginner · Closing the Meeting and Next Steps
To summarise.
“To sum up, we will negotiate first.”
to take a message · Beginner · Answering the Phone at a Law Firm
To write down information for someone who is unavailable.
“She is in a meeting. May I take a message?”
to transfer a call · Beginner · Answering the Phone at a Law Firm
To connect a caller to another person.
“I'll transfer your call to Ms. Mora.”
to verify · Beginner · Describing Office Procedures
To check that something is true or correct.
“We verify the client's identity.”
track changes · Upper-Intermediate · Marking Up and Commenting on Drafts
Software function showing edits.
“Please keep track changes on.”
trade-off · Upper-Intermediate · Simulation 3: Negotiating with Seller's Counsel
Giving something to get something else.
“The trade-off is a shorter retention.”
transfer deed · Intermediate · Closing, Taxes and Registration
The notarial deed that transfers ownership.
“Both parties signed the transfer deed.”
transfer tax · Beginner · Explaining Options and Fees
Tax paid when property ownership changes.
“Transfer tax is 1.5% of the value.”
trustee · Upper-Intermediate · Trusts and Guarantees in Real Estate
The entity holding and managing trust assets (fiduciario).
“A bank acts as trustee.”
trustor / settlor · Upper-Intermediate · Trusts and Guarantees in Real Estate
The person who transfers assets into a trust (fideicomitente).
“The developer is the trustor.”
unfortunately · Intermediate · Managing Expectations and Delivering Bad News
Used to introduce bad news.
“Unfortunately, the claim was rejected.”
unit · Upper-Intermediate · Condominiums and HOA Rules
An individually owned part of a condominium (finca filial).
“Each unit has its own registry number.”
urgent · Beginner · Internal Requests and Instructions
Requiring immediate action.
“This request is urgent.”
usufruct · Intermediate · Explaining Legal Concepts in Plain English
Right to use and enjoy another's property (usufructo).
“Her mother has a lifetime usufruct.”
validity · Intermediate · Documents from Abroad: Apostille and Translation
The period during which a document is accepted.
“Some certificates have three-month validity.”
waiver · Upper-Intermediate · Boilerplate Clauses that Matter
Voluntary giving up of a right.
“Delay in enforcement is not a waiver.”
walk-away point · Upper-Intermediate · Preparing a Negotiation
The limit beyond which you will not agree.
“Our walk-away point is US$90,000.”
warranty · Intermediate · Liability, Warranties and Indemnities
A contractual assurance that something is true or will perform.
“The seller warrants the equipment is new.”
wilful misconduct · Intermediate · Liability, Warranties and Indemnities
Intentional wrongful behaviour (dolo).
“The cap does not apply to wilful misconduct.”
will · Beginner · Essential Legal Documents
A document stating how a person's property is distributed after death.
“He updated his will last year.”
without prejudice · Intermediate · Formal Register and Tone
Phrase protecting settlement communications from use as evidence (in common law).
“This offer is made without prejudice.”
witness · Beginner · People in the Legal System
A person who saw or knows something relevant to a case.
“The witness testified on Monday.”
witness · Intermediate · Common Notarial Acts
A person present to confirm an act.
“Two witnesses are required for this will.”